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Grant Marsh
Grant Marsh (May 11, 1834 – January, 1916) (also known as Grant P. Marsh, and Grant Prince Marsh) was a riverboat pilot and captain who was noted for his many piloting exploits on the upper Missouri River in Montana from 1862 until 1882. After the discovery of gold in Montana Territory, the Missouri River was the major artery for freight and passengers to go from "the states" to Fort Benton, the head of navigation in the territory. The last 300 miles ran through the unsettled prairie and the remote Missouri breaks. As a riverboat pilot Marsh contended with migrating buffalo herds, hostile Indians, and violent windstorms, along with underwater hazards from rapids, snags and sandbars. From 1873 to 1879 Marsh piloted shallow draft paddle wheel riverboats making pioneer voyages up the Yellowstone River in Montana, in support of several military expeditions. In 1875 he made the highest upriver ascent of the Yellowstone River in the ''Josephine'' arriving at a point just above present day Billings Montana. After railroads brought about the decline of riverboats on Montana rivers in the 1880s, Marsh continued to work as a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi and the lower Missouri working on ferries, snag boats, and hauling bulk loads. He served on more than 22 vessels in his long career. He started his career in 1856 as a cabin boy and continued his career for over 60 years becoming a captain, riverboat pilot and riverboat owner. He remained a steamboatman until his death in 1916 at the age of 82.
During his career he amassed an outstanding record and reputation as a river steamboat pilot and captain. His piloting exploits became legendary and modern historians refer to him as "Possibly the greatest steamboat man ever", "possibly the greatest (pilot ) ever",〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nps.gov/mnrr/historyculture/grantmarsh.htm )〕 "possibly the finest riverboat pilot who ever lived", "the greatest steamboat master and pilot on both the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers"
Grant Marsh is most often referenced by historians for his exploit in 1876 as the pilot of the ''Far West''. From June 30 to July 3, 1876 he piloted the ''Far West'' down the Yellowstone and the Missouri Rivers to Bismarck, carrying fifty one wounded cavalry troopers from the site of the defeat of General George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876. He brought the first news of the "Custer Massacre" to the nation, and he set a downriver steamboat record, traversing some 710 river miles in 54 hours.
==Early years==
Grant Marsh began work on the Allegheny River as a cabin boy in 1856, at the age of 12. He became a first mate and student pilot under Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) on the Mississippi at age 16 in 1858. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, he worked on riverboats hauling troops and supplies for the Union during the Fort Donalson and Shiloh campaigns on the Tennessee River. In 1862, he worked on the Mississippi in the Vicksburg campaign. After Vicksburg, in 1862 he began to work on boats traveling up the Missouri River, hauling army supplies and troops in campaigns against hostile Indians in the Dakota Territory.〔〔〔
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